After developing a theoretical framework, you can better analyze and discuss the theories relevant to your study, informing the reader of the assumptions behind your research approaches. Unfortunately, many students are unfamiliar with the steps of developing a theoretical framework and thus struggle with developing relevant theoretical statements for their papers. 

Here, we will discuss tips on how to write a thesis framework and highlight the various types of frameworks that you may encounter.

What is a theoretical foundation?

As suggested by the name, a theoretical framework is the outline of theories related to your research arguments. This chapter of the dissertation defines terms mentioned in the hypothesis and also elaborates on your research questions and problem statement in light of the existing knowledge.

Often, the theoretical framework may be tackled as part of the literature review. However, complex papers may set the theoretical framework aside as an independent section of your paper, allowing you to exhaust the supporting theories and existing research in your field.

Purpose of a theoretical framework

Alike the conceptual framework, the theoretical framework aims to connect the existing ideas in a field, highlighting the theories behind your research. this helps the reader to familiarize themself with your approach in investigating a research topic, clarifying the research gaps in a topic.

The theoretical framework thus serves to:

• Demonstrate an understanding of theories and concepts relevant to the research topic.
• Connect the research to the existing knowledge in a field.
• Specify the key variables that influence a phenomenon and highlight the necessity to examine them for different circumstances.
• Facilitate the understanding of concepts and variables according to the provided definitions.
• Explain assumptions that inform your project.
• Highlight the scholarly literature you intend to use in structuring your research.

Types of theoretical frameworks

1. Dynamic and sustainability framework
2. Implementation results framework
3. Theoretical domain framework
4. Consolidated implementation framework
5. Active research framework
6. Evaluation framework

How to write a theoretical framework in research

Having tackled the types and purposes of a theoretical framework, let’s consider the steps to designing your theoretical framework:

1. Identify the key concepts

Often, your research topic contains multiple theories and terms that require elaboration to update the reader on the purpose of your paper. for this, take time to define each term and the key concepts on which your research hangs. 

2. Evaluate relevant theories

Often, your research paper may aim to contest existing theories or to provide support to various ideas from existing literature. For this, determine how various researchers previously defined the concept at hand and draw connections between various approaches. 

Where possible, highlight the inadequacies of various literature by comparing these approaches to better-structured works. Also, highlight the definitions that fit your research and place your study to address the research gaps. 

3. Connect your paper to existing research

Finally, elaborate on how you intend to use existing theories to develop your arguments. Here, you can critique a theory or uniquely combine theories, showing the relevance of your research to the field. 

4. Develop an outline

After collecting your facts, organize them in an outline, to have a coherent flow of arguments. The outline will allow you to gauge the completeness of your research, helping you conduct further investigation to complete your research before diving into the writing stage. 

Finally, write the theoretical framework and edit it to ensure the coherence of your arguments and to correct structural and referencing issues. 

How long should a theoretical framework be?

There isn’t a defined length for a theoretical framework. However, like the abstract, tackling too much information in this section could bore your reader with unnecessary details and ideas that don’t relate to the topic. 

Preferably, limit your paper to three or five pages offering a gist of your research and elucidating the research gaps to address in your paper. Also, the theoretical framework can be infused into your literature review unless you are handling a complex topic. 

Structure of a theoretical framework

The theoretical framework does not adhere to any structure. You can thus organize your paragraphs in the order in which you’ll be looking at the hypothesis or take a chronological approach that sorts ideas based on how they relate. 

However, be keen to cite your ideas properly, overcoming plagiarism claims. 

Research framework example

Business success

Hendricks (2003) defines business success as the attainment of the goals that are outlined in the business plan. This definition is further developed in Thomas’s (2008) work where he defines business success as the ability to meet targets that were set while staying ahead of competitors.

Unlike the former, the latter better expresses the success of a business as it accounts for the influence of competitors in achieving success. When goals are achieved but the competitors are commanding a bigger market share, the business may not realize its full potential and thus fails to achieve the criteria for success (Marquinhos, 2019).

Marquinhos’s definition is more relevant as it gives primacy to the competitive advantage of a business which helps a company command a bigger market share.

Also, transitioning from specific arguments to a general summary of your research can prove challenging. This article will guide you on how to conclude a thesis, helping you give the reader a clear understanding of the main findings and also to highlight the answer to your research question.

What is the goal of a conclusion?

The conclusion of a thesis is made up of broad statements of the major insights from your research. This section is thus aimed to summarize the findings for your research questions and to draw recommendations for subsequent research, ensuring that you address various gaps in your paper.

The conclusion also serves to demonstrate the new knowledge you have added to a field, helping the reader make out the key findings of your research.

Elements of a conclusion

The conclusion, like other chapters in a paper, is divided into multiple parts including the introduction, the thesis statement, your main findings, the recommendations, and limitations. The introduction should transition from the discussion, helping the reader to understand that you are summarizing your paper.

The thesis statement helps you to bring back the main objectives into focus, clarifying your findings without the clutter of information contained within your discussion section. Recommendations are also a crucial part of the thesis conclusion as they acknowledge the limitations of your research, recommending how various research gaps from your study can be addressed in subsequent research.

How long should your conclusion be?

The conclusion of a thesis makes up between 5% and 10% of the total word count. this word count allows you to summarize your paper without over-dwelling on arguments that were previously exhausted in the body of your dissertation. 

It is worth noting that your dissertation should be free of new information as this could cause confusion for your reader or render your paper incomplete.

How to write a thesis conclusion

Here, we’ll highlight some steps on how to end a thesis, helping you to easily conclude your paper and overcome the common stumbling blocks for students.

1. Answer the main research question

Before you write your conclusion, highlight what you intended to achieve in your research and the key findings relating to your hypothesis. This will give you a scope of your key ideas, ensuring the relevance of your conclusion to the paper. 

2. Make recommendations for the future

After clarifying your key argument, check the limitations of your research and analyse the gaps in your paper. from these, recommend the improvements and alternative research approaches that would yield better results. 

This will overcome various counterarguments and guide the reader to make improvements on the research topic.

3. Challenge various counterarguments

Before completing your paper, tackle the key counterargument in your topic, allowing the reader to see your stance regarding the topic. this overcomes any conflicts of ideologies, also helping you defend your paper from the obvious criticism from already existing work. 

4. Highlight your contributions

Finally, outline the contributions you made in your field, helping the reader to summarize your work without the influence of various ideas in your discussion.

How to restate your thesis in the conclusion

It is crucial to restate your thesis to reintroduce a central argument in your paper and also to transition smoothly to your summary. However, repeating the thesis stamen verbatim may result in redundancy, compromising your reader’s interest.

Therefore, consider restating your thesis to highlight your key argument without resorting to the overused transition statements such as; in conclusion, as I conclude, and lastly.

Some of the tips for restating your thesis include:

• Reread your original thesis statement to make out the main keywords and highlight the main points on which your research is based.
• Paraphrase your thesis either by altering the structure of your sentence or changing tenses and shortening/ lengthening your thesis statement.

Final take

We hope that these tips come in handy to help you write a quality conclusion. If you are still facing challenges with your paper, consider seeking expert help from our team to improve your writing skills and to ensure the quality of your essay without exceeding the due date.

We highly recommend that you check a thesis conclusion example to better acquaint yourself with the process of writing an essay and to seek a dissertation rubric to identify the requirements for your conclusion chapter.

However, the literature review serves to critique these sources, justifying your research objectives and showing the tutor that you are well-versed in the topic. Unfortunately, many students struggle with writing their literature reviews owing to a poor grasp of what is expected of them when writing this chapter.

Here, we’ll highlight the structure of a literature review and discuss the tips for writing a comprehensive PhD literature review.

Steps for writing a dissertation literature review

1. Identify your sources

The initial step of writing your literature review should be to search for relevant sources relating to your topic. these sources should preferably touch on the ideas you intend to develop, allowing you to support existing arguments or to highlight inadequacies in the arguments which you intend to criticize.

When searching for sources, consider using Wikipedia reference lists as a starting point or engaging your librarian as they are better placed in identifying the content within your topic.

2. Analyze the sources

After collecting your sources, read through each source to identify the main arguments presented by the author. Here, gauge the themes, debates, and knowledge gaps in each source to offer a detailed analysis of the literature review. 

When analyzing the sources, relate the sources that develop an idea and identify the variations in arguments within your sources. This will allow you to justify your opposition to a given idea, and to connect various sources in support of your arguments. 

3. Critique your sources

As stated earlier, your literature review chapter should serve a bigger purpose than highlighting the arguments in various sources. Therefore, be keen to offer your criticism of various sources, building upon your solution for the inconsistencies in the existing knowledge. 

4. Outline your literature review

Like all chapters of your paper, the literature review requires a meticulous outline to keep track of the major arguments within your paper. The outline also allows you to organize your ideas for a smooth flow, bringing out your intended weaknesses in a manner that is easy for the reader to identify. 

The outline of a literature review may either organize your ideas in chronological order, following through the development of thought from the initial research to the current state. Alternatively, you could also take a thematic approach, organizing your content based on the themes you intend to tackle within your paper. 

5. Writing

After outlining your literature review, develop various parts, organizing the ideas in a manner that’s easy for the reader to comprehend. Also, consider seeking assistance for editing to ensure that your literature review chapter serves your intended purpose of highlighting the gaps that necessitate various research objectives. 

How to structure a literature review

The literature review, like an essay, is divided into an introduction, the body, and a conclusion. The introduction states the objectives of your paper and introduces various research questions under investigation. 

The body then develops your criticism of the sources you have encountered while linking various research problems to the sources. Finally, the conclusion refocuses on your research questions, making for a smooth transition to the methodology chapter.

For this, we recommend that you look at a literature review dissertation example for a better grasp of the ideas within various sections of your literature review.

How to start a literature review

The introduction of your literature reviews should hook your reader into the section, allowing you to introduce your stance before providing support from the existing sources. Your introduction should discuss the purpose of your literature review and the focus of your research.

You could opt to start your introduction using a fact or rhetorical questions to make the reader aware of your approach to the argument at hand.

How many sources for a literature review

As stated earlier, your literature review section should not simply echo the sentiments of another author. With 15% of the total word count dedicated to the literature review section, you require several sources for a worthwhile literature review section.

The literature review chapter should have a minimum of one hundred and fifty to two hundred sources. This can be translated to a single source per page or a higher number of sources, enabling you to tackle relevant criticisms without falling short of the recommended word count.

Unfortunately, the dissertation proposal is a vital statement of intent that gives you a go-ahead for a given research topic. This allows the tutor to guide you on how to approach your dissertation proposal, reducing errors and complications in the latter dissertation writing stages.

This article will guide you in writing a dissertation proposal to help you overcome the challenges you could encounter as you tackle your dissertation.

What is a dissertation proposal?

A dissertation proposal is a document highlighting your research question, methodology, and approach to data collection and analysis. This document allows you to envision your final research paper and to save time and effort through insight from your tutor. 

The dissertation proposal, therefore, shows your mastery of a topic and also allows your supervisor to test the feasibility of your topic, ensuring that your efforts do not wash down the drain.

How to write a dissertation proposal: Tips for writing a dissertation proposal

Although many students are familiar with the process of writing a dissertation, the approach to writing a dissertation proposal is often a cause of confusion. If you are also unfamiliar with the process of writing dissertation proposals, these tips ought to come in handy to ensure a quality proposal.

1. Identify the research methodology

The research methodology highlights the approach you intend to take in your research and various considerations made in selecting your participants and research methods. This part of the dissertation proposal gives readers a good grasp of your research scope, making your paper simple to comprehend and feasible with the resources at your disposal.

The proposal should therefore tackle all the finer details in your examination, to show the supervisor that you are familiar with what you are doing. 

2. Discuss the data analysis software

When dealing with complex research, you may require software such as SPSS, SAS, Minitab, and MATLAB to analyse the data at your disposal. These tools may require some training to solidify your understanding of the software, assuring your supervisors that the data yielded from your research will be properly interpreted to inspire correct deductions.

3. Consult online samples

Unlike the dissertation, your proposal is written without the data from research, making it unnecessary to include the results and discussion section. The common dissertation outline is thus improper for your dissertation proposal.

Online samples should serve as a template for a dissertation proposal allowing you to familiarize yourself with the structure and style for writing a dissertation proposal. Alternatively, reach out to peers and tutors for guidance and tips for writing a dissertation proposal, and overcoming the common challenges faced by students.

4. Develop an outline

Alike all academic writing tasks, a dissertation outline is a crucial element in mapping out ideas to ensure that you tackle all the details that are relevant to your research topic. Outlining gives you a better grasp of what your dissertation will appear as, helping the tutors to gauge how your ideas connect and your approach to confirming your research objectives. 

Before developing your outline, conduct extensive research to broaden your perspective on handling a topic and highlight the research approaches that have already been taken, ensuring the uniqueness of your paper. 

Also worth noting, familiarize yourself with the thesis proposal format to tackle all the relevant information in your thesis. 

5. Outline potential implications

The last section of your proposal should highlight what you hope to achieve through your research, giving the supervising panel a gist of your arguments and the research gaps you intend to approach. Doing so creates room for insight into the changes to make in your paper to ensure the relevance of your research. 

6. Include the references

When writing your proposal, be keen to include the references of the sources you have interacted with in the course of writing your paper. This assures your supervisor that you have conducted ample research to diversify your perspective on a topic and also shows that there is ample material to support your claims in the discussion. 

Final take

We hope that these tips have helped you overcome any confusion you had regarding your dissertation proposal. However, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the tips for preparing for your proposal defence to overcome issues that may delay your dissertation writing timeline.